Under Construction

The purpose of the separation of church and state is to keep forever from these shores the turmoil that has soaked the soil of Europe in blood for centuries.

- James Madison
on the Constitution

The Constitution

• THE NEW VATICAN STATE - The Times article of February 12,1929
• THE ROMAN QUESTION - EIGHTY YEARS OF DEADLOCK
• Codex Theodosianus (4th Century AD)
• Pope Leo I (440-461) - The 'Petrine Doctrine' of the Papal authority.
• SICUT UNIVERSITATIS CONDITOR - Re-affirming Papal primacy over civil powers (1198).
• The Dispute between Frederick Barbarossa and the Papacy (1160)
• The Fourth Lateran Council - on the suppression of 'Heretics' in Catholic lands (1215).
• The Summa Theologica - Thomas Aquinas (1225-74) on 'heresy' and 'heretics'.
• The Pope's Interdict on England (1208)
• King John's Concession of the Kingdom to the Pope (1213)
• Eger Cui Levia - Pope Innocent IV deposes Frederick II (1245-46).
• Saccho on the accusations against the Waldenses (1254)
• The Condemnation of John Wycliffe by Pope Gregory XI (1382)
• Regnans in Excelsis - Papal Bull deposing Queen Elizabeth I of England (1570)

• Roosevelt's Statement - Condemning War Crimes, 1944
• The Edict of Fontainbleau - for the re-suppression of the Protestant Huguenots in France by the civil power (1685)
• DUDUM SIQUIDEM (1493) Papal Bull on Spanish and Portuguese colonization.
• Eximiae Devotionis (1493) - Papal bull addressed to King Ferninand and Queen Isabella of Spain.
• Treaty of Alcacovas (1479) between Spain and Portugal.
• Aeterni Regis (1481) - Pope Sixtus IV.
• EA QUAE (1506) - Papal re-affirmation of the right of Spain and Portugal to divide up the world between them.
• The Compact at Madrid between Spain and Portugal regarding the demarcation line dividing their colonial possessions (1495).
• PRAECELSAE DEVOTIONIS (1514) - Pope Leo X.
• Treaty at Joinville (1585) between Spain and the Catholic princes of France.

• Congress of Vienna - The Final Act of June 9, 1815.

Books:

• THE PAPAL MONARCHY - FROM GREGORY THE GREAT TO BONIFACE VIII. (590-1303 AD)
• Decretalium Collectiones - Excerpts from Corpus Iuris Canonici Vol. II (Latin).
• Valla's Discourse on the alleged Donation of Constantine
• The Memoires of Metternich (1880) - Deals briefly with the Congress of Vienna (French).
• La Question Romaine - from Pope Pius VI to Pius XI (French).
• Crises in the History of the Papacy
• The Expansion of Europe - The development of the European Colonial World Empires.
• THE VATICAN IN WORLD POLITICS

MORE Vatican Treaties and Documents